How to Read Your Semen Analysis Results
A complete guide to understanding every parameter on your sperm test report
Quick Start: The 3 Most Important Numbers
Sperm Count
Look for "Concentration"
Should be ≥15 million/mL
Motility %
Find "PR" or "Progressive"
Should be ≥32%
Total Motile Count
May need to calculate
Should be >20 million
Step-by-Step: Reading Your Report
🔢Sperm Count/Concentration
Also called: Concentration, Sperm Density, Count
Sperm Count/Concentration
Also called: Concentration, Sperm Density, Count
Normal Range
15-259 million/mL
Low
<15 million/mL
Very Low
<5 million/mL
🏊Motility %
Also called: PR, Forward Progression, Grade A+B Motility
Motility %
Also called: PR, Forward Progression, Grade A+B Motility
Normal Range
≥32%
Low
<32%
Very Low
<10%
🔬Normal Morphology
Also called: Normal Forms, Strict Morphology, Kruger Morphology
Normal Morphology
Also called: Normal Forms, Strict Morphology, Kruger Morphology
Normal Range
≥4%
Low
<4%
Very Low
<1%
💧Semen Volume
Also called: Ejaculate Volume, Sample Volume
Semen Volume
Also called: Ejaculate Volume, Sample Volume
Normal Range
1.5-5.0 mL
Low
<1.5 mL
Very Low
<1.0 mL
🎯Total Motile Count
Also called: TMC, TMSC, Total Motile Sperm Count
Total Motile Count
Also called: TMC, TMSC, Total Motile Sperm Count
Normal Range
>20 million
Low
5-20 million
Very Low
<5 million
⚗️pH Level
Also called: Acidity, Alkalinity
pH Level
Also called: Acidity, Alkalinity
Normal Range
7.2-8.0
Low
<7.2
Very Low
<7.0
Common Report Formats
Traditional Lab Report
Most labs list parameters vertically with reference ranges:
Volume: 2.5 mL (1.5-5.0)
Concentration: 45 M/mL (15-259)
Motility %: 38% (≥32)
Morphology: 3% (≥4)
WHO Format Report
WHO-standardized reports may use abbreviations:
PR: 38% (Progressive)
NP: 12% (Non-Progressive)
IM: 50% (Immotile)
Vitality: 65% (≥58)
Calculate Your Total Motile Count
If your report doesn't show TMC, calculate it yourself:
Volume (mL) × Concentration (M/mL) × Motility % ÷ 100
Example: 3mL × 40M/mL × 35% ÷ 100 = 42 million total motile sperm
When to Seek Immediate Medical Attention
Critical Values:
- • Azoospermia (0 sperm found)
- • Severe oligospermia (<5 million/mL)
- • Complete immotility (0% moving)
- • Blood in semen (hemospermia)
Other Concerns:
- • Very low volume (<0.5mL)
- • Signs of infection (high WBC)
- • Abnormal liquefaction
- • pH outside 7.0-8.0 range
What to Do After Reading Your Results
All Parameters Normal
Continue healthy lifestyle. If trying to conceive >12 months, consider partner evaluation.
Some Parameters Low
Start lifestyle changes, retest in 3 months. Upload for personalized recommendations.
Multiple Parameters Low
See a reproductive urologist. Upload report for detailed analysis while waiting.
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Medical Disclaimer
Important information about this content
This article is for educational and informational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice. The content provided does not constitute a diagnosis, treatment recommendation, or substitute for consultation with a qualified healthcare professional.
Every individual's health situation is unique. If you have questions about your fertility, sperm health, or any medical condition, please consult with a urologist, reproductive endocrinologist, or your primary care physician who can provide personalized medical advice based on your specific circumstances.
Our content is based on peer-reviewed research, clinical guidelines from organizations like the WHO and ASRM, and input from fertility specialists. References are included throughout each article where applicable.